Installing on a thumb-drive will be slower than an install to a hard drive. It's no speed demon even when installing on a "real" drive. 
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I then used DiskUtility to "repair" the disk, only to receive dozens, if not hundreds, of errors, beyond my limited ability to translate/understand
I think that's somewhat normal the first time a new install is checked. The second (and subsequent times) it should be next to nothing showing up.
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Attempting to "repair" the iMac's disk from DiskUtility on the TED produces only the note that "The Disk cannot be Unmounted". Interesting, since it didn't show initially as being mounted
That would seem to be two different problems. Any functioning drive should automagically show up as mounted when DU opens. Whether it shows on your Desktop or in a Finder Side Bar is determined by their prefs.
So, where did it not show as "mounted?"1. Finder
2. Desktop
3. Disk Utility
4. Other
If 1 or 2, check your prefs.
If 3, how did you get it to "mount" in DU?1. Used the "Mount" button
2. It actually was mounted all along, just not on the Desktop of in Finder
3. Ancient, Celtic fertility oath for those with mounting difficulties
4. Percussive maintenance (slapped the side of the computer)
5. Other
BTW, please use a No. 2 pencil to circle the answers. And, DO NOT FOLD the answer sheets!
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I knew where I "was" and where I was "going"!
Where have I heard those words, before...
... Oh, yeah, the first interview with "Wrong Way Corrigan!" 
"When at first you don't succeed......change your definition..."
However, I know your pain. Wednesday night, the tip of a 1/4" jack broke off in the socket on our sound board. It was not really an big problem, only thing that was used for was to 'dial in' a microphone to a particular voice while keeping the sound out of any speakers (the tinkering of the knobs can make a very distracting sound out of a human voice!
). I didn't have time until Thursday afternoon to start working on a fix. My local audio support tech said I could probably unsolder the jack and find one in another part of the board that we didn't use to replace it. Let's just say that the process of gaining access to the particular circuit board was sightly more difficult than disassembling the Discovery spacecraft. Five different sizes of ~50 screws, disconnecting ~dozen tiny connectors and rigging up two small vice grips to hold the one inch square board holding the jack. 
Upon removing the jack, the broken tip fell out. Great! No need to scavenge another part of the mixer, we'll just solder that sucker right back! Mission accomplished, almost. Upon turning the system back on, everything was fine (all four separate monitor speaker systems worked as expected) except for one, little, only slightly noticeable problem: the main speaker system (for the "house" [congregation]) when from normal volume to half volume and back and forth continuously. Quickly determining that this was probably not going to be acceptable, I immediately began a search for a new church to join!!!

However, Judy, my wife, said that was like blaming Microsoft for my problems. Of course, I asked her what was wrong with that! Finding no humor in my response, her "evil eye" convinced me to seek a different solution. Another call to my local tech suggested that the internal parts of female jack may have been damaged when the male bart broke. (Relax, this will remain a family oriented story!) Easy solution was to simply snip the three 32 gauge wires to completely remove the jack!
Unfortunately, nothing actually changed, and, with the hour growing late, I decided to pack up and pursue the final solution (sorry about that!) Saturday. So, I gathered up some of my stuff, holding my half full, capped coffee mug in one hand, along with several other items, bent over a couple of times picking up more stuff as I walked along the ten foot counter. You know where this is going by now, with that glaring tidbit...yep, I spilled coffee (pleasantly including hazelnut creamer to disguise the taste) all along the floor and one chair! 30 minutes later, I had the floor dry enough to walk on and left.
Guess what I discovered Saturday morning? Several slightly 'coffee-colored' areas on the mixer edge. I don't know, yet, if my $3,000 income tax refund will be enough to pay for my stupidity, But we will have a fixed/rented/new mixer by next Wednesday! The little emergency board that we used when the church formed some 10+ years ago is completely un-suitable for the sound system we now have, and it was never designed to use the "monstrosity" as I did today. Naturally, THE day everyone comes to church, somewhere...
So, that's actually the last place I heard the phrase, "I knew where I 'was' and where I was 'going'!"
Believe me, I never plan on going there again!!!
Guess what I discovered Saturday morning? Several slightly 'coffee-colored' areas on the mixer edge.
I think you need a new coffee mug. Maybe a tippy-cup like my young cousin uses.
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Maybe a tippy-cup like my young cousin uses.
Very funny.
Oh so funny. And thanks so much for your support and condolences. 
I already know how to prevent this from ever happening, again. I'm just not sure I want to give up coffee that much... And the mug(s) already have a lid on them, anyway! A couple even have sliding parts that fairly well seal the openings. Of course, it helps to be co-ordinated enough to hold the cup upright while leaning over...
I already have a personal rule of never having a cup within two feet of the mixer/board. And my primary job is not even at the board. This is just another example of trying to do more than one thing at a time. I always think I can do that, and usually succeed. But there comes a point at which the body moves faster than my brain and I lose track of what I'm doing and what can happen if I continue. In the cockpit, we call it situational awareness: what is happening, what will happen next, where are we, where will we be in 60 seconds, what is in front of the airplane, are we higher than whatever that is, where's the cabin attendant that was supposed to be bring my coffee five minutes ago, and other important stuff like that!
The biggest problem with most tippy cups is that they don't hold more than a few ounces of liquid! And many don't even have handles! Plus, you may have to fight some kid to prevent them from taking yours!!!