My best guess is to do a forced shutdown by pressing and holding the Power key. Then, start up. Unless you changed the default startup disk, it should start from the internal.
If, on the other hand, you made the external the default, start up while pressing and holding Option until you see a choice of startup disks. Select the internal and press return. Then, reset the default startup disk.
If either of these is successful, we'll go from there.
EDIT: Did you, by any chance, set a firmware password by enabling FileVault?