OWC (I think that's where the "Mercury" enclosure came from) may have some testing code for the enclosure. They may want you to return it for testing.
There
are several different versions of the interface hardware (basically SATA to whatever chip sets) and it might even be updatable.
BTW, I have basically no experience with Thunderbolt, but I didn't notice any specific Thunderbolt compatibility with Mercury (single drive) enclosures. I can only assume that TB also includes 'on-the-fly' compatibility with FireWire input?
I also assume that this hardware/enclosure has already been in use before this problem appeared.
This OWC Mercury enclosure has both USB and TB ports, so the choice is up to the user. It was working fine before I upgraded to 10.11.1 from 10.10.5. In another forum, someone else reported issues making a bootable clone with 10.11.1. I may wait until 10.11.2 is released before making a judgment.